What is Darwin?
Darwin is the core of Mac OS X. The Darwin kernel is based on FreeBSD and Mach 3.0 technologies and provides protected memory and pre-emptive multitasking. Darwin runs on PowerPC-based Macintosh computers and a version is also available for x86-compatible computers.
http://www.opensource.apple.com/projects/darwin/
And here I thought it was an OS that implemented EvolutionaryAlgorithms in its selection of user processes to run and kill: Competition for scarce resources taken to its logical conclusion. ;->
Nah, that's CoreWars.
But is there any connection to CharlesDarwin? Not really. Just another CodeName? with connotations of improvement.
See also MacOsx, FreeBsd, and MachMicrokernel.