Many programming languages support regular-expression pattern matching in their syntax and/or standard run-time libraries. The most prominent and widely used flavor of regular expressions is PerlLanguage's: http://search.cpan.org/perldoc/perlre.
Some languages with built-in RegularExpression support: PerlLanguage, PythonLanguage, RubyLanguage, JavaScript, JavaLanguage (as of v1.4; see http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/releases/1.4regex/), CeeSharp, IoLanguage, VisualBasicDotNet.
VBScript
VbScript people get to use a similar language: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/script56/html/vspropattern.asp.
For those languages that don't natively support RegularExpressions, third-party libraries are available to provide the capability: