See HeuristicRule.
A generalized rule or method for solving programming problems.
Some of the more robust ones include:
Actually, some of these I would not count as heuristics. Instead, they are more like general search paradigms.
Good point. My understanding of the word "heuristic" is that it implies that a method is not guaranteed to find a globally optimal solution. This is not the case for DynamicProgramming and BruteForce search (provided you have enough time).