Many techniques for improving the performance of working software are patterns in disguise.
Time-proven techniques for improving software performance often have to be searched out (some good ones exist in the book ProgrammingPearls). Once found, perhaps they should be re-cast as Patterns.
These aren't design patterns, they seem more like troubleshooting patterns. Patterns to help you improve things that may or may not be solidly built. Perhaps, they can be called Healing Patterns.
-- ToddCoram
KentBeck and KenAuer did a fine job of documenting some performance tuning patterns in their submission to PLoP'95. Perhaps Kent or Ken would like to submit them to the ppr...
-- KyleBrown