On the page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_programming
Parallel programming is a computer programming technique that provides for the execution of operations in parallel, either within a single computer, or across a number of systems. In the latter case, the term distributed computing is used.
Note: FullyParallelProgramming is a different topic about programmers working in parallel. -- JohnFletcher
An example is dividing the work done by the (normally serial) search methods used by a chess program to efficiently take advantage of multiple processors. One popular method is "Young Brothers Wait".
See also DistributedComputing ProgrammingForParallelComputing ParallelProgrammingDiscussion ParallelProgrammingModel
This and the related pages were topical in JanuaryZeroSix.