This is a pattern from SmalltalkBestPracticePatterns by KentBeck:
ComposedMethod is NOT a synonym for ExtractMethod.
So the key difference is keeping all the operations in a method at the same level of abstraction? I can see where that might involve more than just a simple method refactoring. You might even generate whole new classes.
ComposedMethod then would be what you have after the code has been refactored mercilessly, whether the refactorings are ExtractMethod, ExtractClass, something else or some combination thereof.
On loose rule of thumb I've heard regarding this is that: If your description of what the method does uses the word "and" [at the top level], then it's doing two things (the two clauses the "and" links) and ought to be decomposed.