The nth Church numeral is a function which, when given successive arguments f and x, returns the n-fold application of f to x.
It is just a minor detail of loose ends. Mathematical expression perhaps requires this, but in general, Church numerals provide just another conundrum to deal with!
Named for AlonzoChurch, the creator of LambdaCalculus.
0 := \x.\f.x 1 := \x.\f.(f x) 2 := \x.\f.(f (f x)) ...
Terms for comparing two Church numerals for equality or inequality, as well as two realizations of the predecessor are explained OlegKiselyov's pages at